1 teaspoon kasuri methi (dry fenugreek leaves), available in Indian grocery stores
1 teaspoon tomato paste
1 teaspoon salt or to taste
2 tablespoons lemon juice
Water as needed
Directions
Rinse and drain the kidney beans from cans and set it aside.
Heat oil in a medium soup pot or a Dutch oven on a medium-high heat. Add cumin seeds and let them sizzle. Add onion and sauté it until light golden brown, 4 to 5 minutes. Add garlic, green chili, curry leaves and all the dry spices. Sauté everything until fragrant, 2 to 3 minutes. Next add tomato paste and sauté for a minute. Add tomatoes, ginger and sauté for 2 minutes.
Add beans, lentils and ½ cup of water. Season with salt. Cover the pot and let rajma cook for 7 to 10 minutes. Uncover, add lemon juice and cook for 2 more minutes. Adjust the seasoning. If rajma is too dry, add some water.
1 teaspoon kasuri methi (dry fenugreek leaves), available in Indian grocery stores
1 teaspoon tomato paste
1 teaspoon salt or to taste
2 tablespoons lemon juice
Water as needed
Directions
Pick through kidney beans and soak in 2 cups of water for 6 to 8 hours or until beans are soft. (Soaking is optional but it will speed up cooking process).
Rinse masoor dal, transfer to a small bowl and add ½ cup of water. Let it soak for at least half an hour. (Soaking is optional but it will speed up cooking process).
Set instant pot to saute setting for 30 minutes. Once hot, heat oil until shimmering. Add cumin seeds and let them sizzle. Add onion and sauté it until light golden brown, 4 to 5 minutes. Add garlic, green chili, curry leaves and all the dry spices. Sauté everything until fragrant, 2 to 3 minutes. Next add tomato paste and sauté for a minute. Add tomatoes, ginger and sauté for 2 minutes.
Add beans, dal with water and potatoes. If beans are not cover with water, add more water. Season with salt. Cover the pot and set to pressure cooker setting for 45 minutes. For unsoaked beans, increase time to one hour. Once cooking time is over, release steam (you can also wait until pressure is off). Uncover pot, add lemon juice. Adjust the seasoning. If rajma is too dry, add some water and let it cook on saute setting for 3-4 minutes.
This simple meal of grain and dal is a staple of Gujarati meal. In most Gujarati households, you will find Khichdi with dinner. It can be prepared many ways, even with vegetables, making it a one pot meal.
Ingredients
1 cup rice
¾ cup toover dal (split pigeon peas) or mung dal (with or without skin)
1 teaspoon turmeric
1 teaspoon salt or to taste
4 cups of water
Directions
Wash rice and dal together in a bowl until water is clear. Add 4 cups of water to cover rice and dal. Let it soak for 1 to 2 hours. (Soaking is optional).
Pour rice and dal along with water into a medium Dutch oven or a soup pot. Add turmeric and season with salt. Stir everything and cover pot with a lid. Let Khichdi cook for 40 to 45 minutes or until rice and dal are tender.
To cook khichdi in an Instant pot: Follow step 1. Transfer dal and rice to pot insert. Add turmeric and season with salt. Stir everything and cover pot with a lid. Set instant pot to pressure cook setting and set time for 15 minutes. For unsoaked rice and dal increase time to 20 minutes. Once cooking is over release steam and follow step 4.
Serve hot with yogurt or plain chass (lassi) or vaghareli chass.
In a medium Dutch oven or a soup pot, heat oil and ghee over medium heat until shimmering. Add fenugreek seeds and let it sizzle. Add mustard seeds and let them sizzle as well. Add remaining Vaghar ingredients and stir contents of pot. Follow step 2 and 4 of plain Khichdi.
To cook in an Instant pot: Follow step 1. Set instant pot to saute setting. Once inner pot is hot, heat oil and ghee until shimmering. Add fenugreek seeds and let it sizzle. Add mustard seeds and let them sizzle as well. Add remaining Vaghar ingredients and dal and rice with water. Stir the contents of pot and cover instant pot. Set it to pressure cook for 15 minutes. Increase time to 20 minutes for unsoaked rice and dal. Once cooking is over, release steam and follow step 4 of plain Khichdi.
¼ cup each quinoa, pearl barley, and cracked wheat (or millet)
½ cup split pigeon peas (toover dal)
2 tablespoons clarified butter or ghee
1 tablespoon olive oil
1 teaspoon black mustard seeds
Pinch of asafetida
½ teaspoon turmeric
½ teaspoon chili powder
3 whole cloves
One inch piece of cinnamon stick
7 to 10 curry leaves
1 inch piece of ginger, finely minced
1 jalapeno or serrano pepper (or to taste), finely diced
3 cups of water or more
1 teaspoon salt
Directions
Combine quinoa, barley, cracked wheat and pigeon peas and rinse in a two to three of changes of water. Let it soak in 2 ½ cups water for at least 30 minutes (soaking is optional).
In a medium Dutch oven or a soup pot, over medium-high heat, heat ghee and oil until it shimmers. Add mustard seeds and let it sizzle. Add curry leaves, all the dry spices and sauté until fragrant, for 30 seconds. Add the grain mixture along with water. Add green chili and ginger. Mix the contents of pot and season with salt. Add more water if necessary so that contents of pot are covered with water.
Turn the heat up and bring contents of pot to a boil. Reduce heat to low, cover the pot and simmer for 40 to 45 minutes or until all the liquid have absorbed and grains and dal are tender. Add more water if necessary.
To cook in an Instant Pot: Follow step 1. Set instant pot to saute setting. Once inner pot is hot, heat ghee and oil until it shimmers. Add mustard seeds and let it sizzle. Add curry leaves, all the dry spices and sauté until fragrant, for 30 seconds. Add the grain mixture along with water. Add green chili and ginger. Mix the contents of pot and season with salt. Add more water if necessary so that contents of pot are covered with water. Cover instant pot and set it to pressure cook for 20 minutes. For unsoaked grains and dal set for 30 minutes. Release steam once cooking is over and follow step 4.
Serve warm with plain chass (lassi) or vaghareli chass.
1 ½ cups toover dal (split pigeon peas) or mung dal (with or without skin)
4 cups water
2 teaspoons turmeric
2 teaspoons salt or to taste
3 tablespoons oil
1 tablespoon Ghee (clarified butter)
½ teaspoon fenugreek seeds
2 teaspoons mustard seeds
3 to 4 cloves
2 1-inch pieces of cinnamon stick
¼ teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
½ teaspoon chili powder
9 to 10 curry leaves
1 small onion, small diced
2 cloves of garlic, finely minced
2 inch piece of ginger, finely minced
1 small potato, medium diced
1 small carrot, medium diced
2 to 3 cauliflower florets cut into bite size pieces
½ cup frozen peas
Directions
Wash rice and dal together in a bowl until water is clear. Transfer dal and rice to a 3-quart slow cooker pot and add 4 cups of water. Add turmeric and season with salt.
In a separate frying pan, heat oil and ghee over medium heat until shimmering. Add fenugreek seeds and let it sizzle. Add mustard seeds and let them sizzle as well. Next add curry leaves, cloves, cinnamon sticks, black pepper and chili powder. Add onions and sauté them until translucent, 2 to 3 minutes. Add ginger and garlic and sauté for a minute. Add all the vegetables except peas and sauté for a minute. Pour everything on top of slow cooker pot.
Stir the contents of pot, cover and cook on high for six hours. For the last half an hour add peas.
Before serving check the seasoning. Serve hot with yogurt or plain chass(lassi) or vaghareli chass.
Notes
In this recipe you can use any vegetables (about 3 cups) you like. You can adjust the quantity of recipe depending on size of your slow cooker. The left overs can be frozen.
Many Indians keep fast during certain days. On those days they avoid eating foods with pronounced flavor which are called tamasic (bitter, sour, pungent, salty and dry) like garlic, asafetida, tamarind etc. They adhere to strict vegetarian diet which is sattvic (simple) like fruits, potatoes (root vegetables), rajgara (amaranth), singoda (chestnuts), sabudana (tapioca).
Ingredients
1 ½ cup sabudana (tapioca pearls)
1 medium size potato, cut into ¼ inch dice
4 tablespoons olive oil or more
1 teaspoon cumin seeds
1 jalapeno or serrano chili, finely diced
10-12 curry leaves
1-inch piece of ginger, finely minced
1 teaspoon salt or to taste
3 teaspoons sugar or to taste
¼ cup roughly chopped roasted peanuts, for garnish
¼ cup chopped cilantro, for garnish
½ cup plain yogurt, for serving
Directions
Transfer sabudana to a mixing bowl and cover them with water. Let them soak in water for at least two hours or overnight. (it should be almost double in size).
In a wok or frying pan heat oil on medium heat until shimmering. Add cumin seeds and let them sizzle. Add curry leaves and green chili. Sauté them until almost dry. Add ginger and potatoes. Add couple of tablespoons water and season potato with ½ teaspoon salt. Stir potatoes to cover them with spices. Cover wok or pan and let potato cook until tender, 7 to 8 minutes. Stir occasionally so that potato does not stick to bottom.
Uncover wok or frying pan. Let water evaporate if any left in wok or pan. Drain sabudana (if there is excess water) and gently separate the pearls with a fork. Add sabudana to wok or pan and immediately stir them so that they do not clump together. If khichdi looks dry add more oil, a tablespoon at a time. Season khichdi with salt, sugar and stir. Cover wok or pan for not more than 2 to 3 minutes. Uncover and garnish with peanuts and cilantro. Immediately serve with plain yogurt.
1 jalapeno or serrano chili or to taste, cut into 3-4 pieces
½ teaspoon ground turmeric
½ teaspoon dhana-jeeru (spice blend of ground coriander and cumin)
½ teaspoon chili powder
½ teaspoon garam masala
½ teaspoon chole masala
3 tablespoons canola or neutral oil
1 teaspoon salt or to taste
1 tablespoon chopped cilantro, for garnish
Directions
In a food processor, process onion, garlic and green chili until it forms thick paste.
Heat oil in a frying pan or a wok. Once oil is shimmering, add onion mixture, turmeric, dhana-jeeru, chili powder, garam masala, and sauté it until onion is light golden brown.
Next process tomato and ginger in a food processor into a thick paste. Add little water if necessary to make it smooth. Add tomatoes and ginger mixture to pot and sauté until water from tomato evaporates.
Add chick peas and salt. If gravy looks too dry add ¼ to ½ cup water. Cover pan or wok and let it simmer for 10 to 12 minutes. Uncover, add chole masala and let it simmer for another 3 to 4 minutes. Garnish with cilantro before serving. Serve warm with rice or any Indian flat bread. (Traditionally, chole are served with bhatoora (fried whole wheat flour bread).
1 jalapeno or serrano chili or to taste, cut into 3-4 pieces
½ teaspoon ground turmeric
½ teaspoon dhana-jeeru (spice blend of ground coriander and cumin)
½ teaspoon chili powder
½ teaspoon garam masala
½ teaspoon chole masala
3 tablespoons canola or neutral oil
2 teaspoons salt or to taste
1 tablespoon chopped cilantro, for garnish
Directions
Pick through chickpeas and soak them in two cups of water for 5 to 6 hours or until chickpeas are soft. (Soaking is optional but it will speed up cooking process)
In a food processor, process onion, garlic and green chili until it forms thick paste.
Set instant pot to sauté setting for 30 minutes. Once it is hot, heat oil in insert until shimmering. Add onion mixture, turmeric, dhana-jeeru, chili powder, garam masala, and sauté it until onion is light golden brown.
Next process tomato and ginger in a food processor into a thick paste. Add little water if necessary to make it smooth. Add tomatoes and ginger mixture to pot and sauté until water from tomato evaporates.
Add chick peas and salt. Cover chickpeas with water. Set instant pot to pressure cooker setting and cook for 40 minutes. For unsoaked chickpeas increase time to one hour. Once cooking time is over, release steam (you can also wait for pressure to release) and uncover pot. Add chole masala and let it simmer for another 3 to 4 minutes on sauté setting. Garnish with cilantro before serving. Serve warm with rice or any Indian flat bread. (Traditionally, chole are served with bhatoora (fried whole wheat flour bread).
For vegetarians in India, dal (legumes) is a main source of protein. Varieties of dal is available through out India and each region has a unique way of preparing dal for a meal. The most common variety of dal used all over India is toover dal (split pigeon peas). It is usually served with rice.
This sweet and sour split pigeon peas soup is part of Gujarati thali (plate) and served almost everyday. The use of jaggery in dal is more common in Gujarat than any other region in India.
Ingredients
¾ cup oily or unoily toover dal (split pigeon peas), uncooked
2 cups water
1 teaspoon salt or to taste
Small (golf ball size) piece of jaggary or 3 teaspoons sugar
½ teaspoon turmeric
1 teaspoon dhana-jeeru (spice blend of ground coriander and cumin)
1 teaspoon or to taste finely chopped or minced jalapeno or serrano chili
½ teaspoon finely minced ginger
1 medium tomato, diced
1 ½ tablespoons lemon juice
1 tablespoon chopped cilantro, for garnish
For Vaghar (tempering):
2 tablespoons olive oil
¼ teaspoon fenugreek seeds
1 teaspoon brown mustard seeds
⅛ teaspoon cumin seeds
⅛ teaspoon asafetida
5 to 6 curry leaves
1 whole dry red chili (optional)
Pinch of red chili powder (optional)
Directions
Wash split pigeon peas few times. For oily dal make sure all the oil is washed off. Soak in about 1 ½ cups of water for 1 to 2 hours or until peas are soft in a medium size soup pot. (Soaking is optional but it will reduce cooking time).
Add diced tomato. Cover with a lid and cook it with water on a medium heat until peas are very soft, about one hour. Once the dal is cooked, take off the heat.
Add ½ cup of water and mix it with a whisk or an immersion blender until it has a consistency of slightly thick soup.
Start heating the dal on medium heat. Add salt, jaggary, turmeric, dhana-jeeru, green chili and ginger. Stir dal and let it simmer for 10 to 15 minutes on low heat or a simmer burner.
To cook dal in instant pot: Wash and soak dal in instant pot container. Set instant pot on pressure cook setting and cook dal for 20 minutes (for unsoaked dal increase time to 30 minutes). Once dal is cooked, release steam and follow step 3. Next, set instant pot to sauté and follow step 4. Reduce simmer time to 5 minutes.
In a separate small sauce or frying pan, heat oil on medium high heat until shimmering. Add fenugreek seeds and let them sizzle. Lower the heat, add mustard and cumin seeds and let them sizzle. Add asafetida, curry leaves, red chili and chili powder. Pour oil with spices over dal. Mix it with dal, add lemon juice and let it simmer for two to three minutes. Garnish with cilantro before serving. Serve warm along with meal of Indian flat bread and vegetable, and over rice.
Notes
You can follow this same recipe for whole and split mung beans, split lentils and black-eyed peas mix with split pigeon peas. Do not use mustard and fenugreek seeds, instead, use only 1 teaspoon of cumin seeds.
This type of dal (lachko) is often served with Kathi (yogurt and chickpea flour soup) in Gujarati Thali. It is thicker than soup like dal often served with a meal.
Ingredients
¾ cup mung dal (without skin)
1 teaspoon brown mustard seeds
Pinch of asafetida
¾ teaspoons turmeric
½ teaspoon red chili powder
½ teaspoon salt or to taste
2 tablespoons olive oil
Water as needed
Directions
Pick through mung dal and rinse it.
Heat two tablespoons of oil in a medium sized pot over medium high heat. Add ½ teaspoon of mustard seeds and let them sizzle. Add asafetida, turmeric and chili powder. Add 1 ½ cups of water, rinsed dal and season with salt. Stir everything. Partially cover the pot and let it come to boil. Once it comes to boil, uncover the pot and let dal cook until the foam on top subsides, about 7 minutes. Cover the pot and let dal cook for another two minutes or until tender.
Rinse dal and transfer to medium size soup pot. Add 1 ½ cups of water and let dal soak for 30 to 40 minutes. (Soaking is optional but it will speed up cooking).
Add tomato, cover the pot with a lid, and cook dal for about 45 minutes or until dal is cooked.
After dal is cooked, start heating dal on a medium heat. Add salt, turmeric, and dhana jeeru, green chili and ginger. Mix well. Let dal simmer for 10 to 12 minutes, stirring occasionally.
In a separate small sauce or frying pan, heat oil on a medium heat until shimmering. Add cumin seeds and let them sizzle. Add garlic, onion, garam masala and sauté them until onion is light golden brown, 3 to 4 minutes. Add whole chili and chili powder and sauté it for one minute and pour everything on top of the dal. Stir the dal and let it simmer for one minute. Add lemon juice and let it simmer for two more minutes. Garnish with cilantro and serve over rice or as a soup.
To cook dal in instant pot: Follow step one. Set instant pot on sauté setting for 20 minutes. Heat oil until shimmering. Add cumin seeds and let them sizzle. Add garlic, onion, green chili, garam masala and sauté them until onion is light golden brown, 3 to 4 minutes. Add whole chili and chili powder and sauté it for one minute. Add tomato and ginger and sauté for 2 to 3 minutes. Pour dal over Tarka and add salt, turmeric, dhana-jeeru and lemon juice. Add ½ cup water. Set instant pot to pressure cooker setting and cook dal for 20 minutes. (for unsoaked dal increase time to 30 minutes). Release steam and set instant pot to sauté setting for 10 minutes. (Optional: Heat 1 tablespoon of canola oil in small frying pan or soup pot until shimmering. Add 1 teaspoon cumin seeds and let them sizzle. Add pinch of chili powder and pour over dal. This will enhances flavor of dal). Garnish with cilantro and serve over rice or as a soup.
Sambhar is a staple of South Indian cuisine. It is served with variety of dishes like idali (steamed rice cakes), Dosa (crepes of dal and rice), Medu Vada (dal fritters) and Uttapam (rice and dal pancakes with vegetables).
Ingredients
1 cup toover dal (split pigeon peas)
1 medium tomato, diced
1 cup mixed vegetables like eggplant, zucchini and carrot, diced
5 to 6 pieces of sargavo (drum sticks), See Note.
1 teaspoon turmeric
1 ½ teaspoons dhana-jeeru (spice blend of ground coriander and cumin)
1 teaspoon tamarind paste or 2 tablespoons lemon juice
For Tarka:
3 tablespoons canola oil
½ teaspoon fenugreek seeds
½ teaspoon cumin seeds
1 teaspoon brown mustard seeds
½ teaspoon asafetida
1 tablespoon urad dal (optional)
12-15 curry leaves
1 small yellow or red onion, ¼ inch diced
1-2 dry red chilies (optional)
Directions
Wash split pigeon peas few times. For oily dal make sure all the oil is washed off. Soak dal in about 2 cups of water for 1 to 2 hours or until peas are soft in a medium size soup pot. (Soaking is optional).
Add diced tomato. Cover with a lid and cook it with water on a medium heat until peas are very soft, about one hour. Once the dal is cooked, take off the heat.
Add ½ cup of water and mix it with a whisk or an immersion blender until it has a consistency of slightly thick soup.
Start heating the dal on medium heat. Add salt, turmeric, dhana-jeeru and sambhar masala. Add mixed vegetables and drum sticks. Stir dal and let it simmer for 10 to 15 minutes on low heat or a simmer burner. Next, follow step 6.
To cook sambhar in instant pot: Wash split pigeon peas few times. For oily dal make sure all the oil is washed off. Soak dal in about 2 cups of water for 1 to 2 hours or until peas are soft in a medium size soup pot. (soaking is optional but it will speed up cooking process). Add diced tomatoes. Set instant pot to pressure cooker setting and cook dal for 20 minutes. (for unsoaked dal increase time to 30 minutes). Once dal is cooked, release steam and follow step 3. Next, set instant pot to sauté for 15 minutes and follow step 4. Reduce simmer time to 10 minutes. Next, follow step 6.
For Tarka: In a separate small sauce or frying pan, heat oil on medium high heat until shimmering. Add fenugreek seeds and let them sizzle. Add urad dal and sauté until light brown. Lower the heat, add mustard and cumin seeds and let them sizzle. Add asafetida, curry leaves, red chili and chili powder. Pour oil with everything over sambhar. Mix it with sambhar, add lemon juice or tamarind pulp and let it simmer for two to three minutes. Garnish with cilantro before serving.
Notes
You can get sambhar masala and also mixed vegetables which includes drum sticks for making sambhar in frozen section in Indian grocery store.
In Bengal (Eastern part of Indian), Panch Poran (five spices) is widely used in recipes.The combination of five spices gives unique flavor.
Ingredients
Panch Poran: (five spice mixture)
½ teaspoon brown mustard seeds
½ teaspoon cumin seeds
½ teaspoon fenugreek seeds
½ teaspoon fennel seeds
½ teaspoon nigella seeds
Dal:
¾ cup uncooked masoor dal (split red lentils)
1 medium size tomato or ¼ cup tomato puree
2 tablespoons canola oil
½ medium size yellow or red onion, sliced
1 garlic clove, finely minced
½ teaspoon turmeric
1 teaspoon salt or to taste
1 ½ cups of water
1 tablespoon finely chopped cilantro, for garnish
For Tarka (tempering):
2 tablespoons canola oil
1 teaspoon cumin seeds
1 clove garlic, finely minced
Directions
Rinse dal and add 1 ½ cups of water and let dal soak for 30 to 40 minutes in a mixing bowl. (Soaking is optional but it will speed up cooking).
Combine spices of panch poran in a small bowl and set aside.
Roughly cut tomato and make a puree either in food processor or with hand blender with ½ a cup of water. Transfer to a bowl and set aside. Omit this step if you are using tomato puree.
Heat oil in a medium size soup pot until shimmering. Add panch poran and let seeds sizzle. Add onion and sauté until light golden brown. Add garlic and sauté for 30 seconds. Add dal with water, season with salt and turmeric. Stir dal to combine with spices. Cover the pot with a lid, and cook for about 45 minutes or until dal is cooked. Stir dal occasionally so it does not boil over.
After dal is cooked, start heating dal on a medium heat. Pass fresh tomato puree through a sieve. Add fresh puree or puree to dal. Let dal simmer for 10 to 12 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Make tarka: In a separate small sauce or frying pan, heat oil on a medium heat until shimmering. Add cumin seeds and let them sizzle. Add garlic and sauté for 30 seconds. Pour tarka on top of the dal. Stir the dal and let it simmer for one minute. Garnish with cilantro and serve over rice or as a soup.
To cook dal in instant pot: Follow step one to three. Set instant pot on sauté setting for 20 minutes. Heat oil until shimmering. Add panch poran and let all seeds sizzle. Add onion and sauté until onion is light golden brown, 3 to 4 minutes. Add garlic and sauté it for 30 seconds. Add dal along with water, season with salt and turmeric. Pass fresh tomato puree through a sieve. Add fresh puree or puree to dal. Set instant pot to pressure cooker setting and cook dal for 20 minutes. (for unsoaked dal increase time to 30 minutes). Release steam and again set instant pot to sauté setting. While dal is simmering to prepare tarka, follow step 6.
